tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70270586393137794242023-06-20T21:17:25.830-07:00cloud computingFuture of virtualizationvickyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11375345739732302896noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7027058639313779424.post-74017158755785513102011-03-06T10:12:00.000-08:002011-03-06T22:57:04.570-08:00Evolution of Cloud Computing<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The concept of cloud computing dates back to the 1960s, when</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> John Mcacrthy</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> opined that "computation may someday be organized as a<span style="color: #cfe2f3;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utility" style="color: blue;">public utility</a>." Almost all the modern-day characteristics of cloud computing (elastic provision, provided as a utility, online, illusion of infinite supply), the comparison to the electricity industry and <span style="color: black;">the</span> use of public, private, government and community forms was thoroughly explored in Douglas Parkhill's 1966 book , The Challenge of the Computer Utility .</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The actual term "cloud" borrows from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephony"><span style="color: blue;">telephony</span></a> in that telecommunications companies, who until the 1990s primarily offered dedicated point-to-point data circuits, began offering <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Private_Network" title="Virtual Private Network"><span style="color: blue;">Virtual Private Network</span></a> (VPN) services with comparable quality of service but at a much lower cost. By switching traffic to balance utilization as they saw fit, they were able to utilize their overall network bandwidth more effectively. The cloud symbol was used to denote the demarcation point between that which was the responsibility of the provider from that of the user. Cloud computing extends this boundary to cover servers as well as the network infrastructure.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com"><span style="color: blue;">Amazon</span></a> played a key role in the development of cloud computing by modernizing their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_center" title="Data center"><span style="color: blue;">data centers</span></a> after the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-com_bubble"><span style="color: blue;">dot-com bubble</span></a>, which, like most <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networks" title="Computer networks"><span style="color: blue;">computer networks</span></a>, were using as little as 10% of their capacity at any one time, just to leave room for occasional spikes. Having found that the new cloud architecture resulted in significant internal efficiency improvements whereby small, fast-moving "two-pizza teams" could add new features faster and more easily, Amazon initiated a new product development effort to provide cloud computing to external customers, and launched <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services"><span style="color: blue;">Amazon Web Service (AWS)</span></a> on a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_computing"><span style="color: blue;">utility computing</span></a> basis in 2006.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">In 2007, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google"><span style="color: blue;">Google</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM"><span style="color: blue;">IBM</span></a> and a number of universities embarked on a large scale cloud computing research project. In early 2008, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalyptus_%28computing%29" title="Eucalyptus (computing)"><span style="color: blue;">Eucalyptus</span></a> became the first open source AWS API compatible platform for deploying private clouds. In early 2008, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenNebula"><span style="color: blue;">OpenNebula</span></a>, enhanced in the RESERVOIR European Commission funded project, became the first open source software for deploying private and hybrid clouds and for the federation of clouds. In the same year, efforts were focused on providing QoS guarantees (as required by real-time interactive applications) to Cloud-based infrastructures, in the framework of the IRMOS European Commission funded project. By mid-2008, Gartner saw an opportunity for cloud computing "to shape the relationship among consumers of IT services, those who use IT services and those who sell them" and observed that "[o]rganisations are switching from company-owned hardware and software assets to per-use service-based models" so that the "projected shift to cloud computing ... will result in dramatic growth in IT products in some areas and significant reductions in other areas."</span><br />
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